輸入n個整數(shù),找出其中最小的K個數(shù)。例如輸入2221181109,4,5,1,6,2,7,3,8這8個數(shù)字,網(wǎng)上110報警平臺則最小的4個數(shù)字是1,2,3,4,。
解法1
使用partition函數(shù)可以知道,使用==O(N)==的時間復雜度就可以找出第K大的數(shù)字,并且左邊的數(shù)字比這個數(shù)小,右邊的數(shù)字比這個數(shù)字大。因此可以取k為4,然后輸出前k個數(shù)字,如果需要排序的話再對結果進行排序
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
class Solution:
def PartitionOfK(self, numbers, start, end, k):
if k < 0 or numbers == [] or start < 0 or end >= len(numbers) or k > end:
return
low, high = start, end
key = numbers[low]
while low < high:
while low < high and numbers[high] >= key:
high -= 1
numbers[low] = numbers[high]
while low < high and numbers[low] <= key:
low += 1
numbers[high] = numbers[low]
numbers[low] = key
if low < k:
self.PartitionOfK(numbers, start + 1, end, k)
elif low > k:
self.PartitionOfK(numbers, start, end - 1, k)
def GetLeastNumbers_Solution(self, tinput, k):
# write code here
if k <= 0 or tinput == [] or k > len(tinput):
return []
self.PartitionOfK(tinput, 0, len(tinput) - 1, k)
return sorted(tinput[0:k])
#測試:
sol = Solution()
listNum = [4,5,1,6,2,7,3,8]
rel = sol.GetLeastNumbers_Solution(listNum, 4)
print(rel)
運行時間:30ms
占用內存:5732k
解法2
解法1存在兩個問題,一個是partition把數(shù)組的順序改變了,第二是無法處理海量的數(shù)據(jù),海量的數(shù)組全部導入到內存里面做partition顯然是不合適的。因此可以找出結果中最大的數(shù)字,如果遍歷的數(shù)字比這個數(shù)字小,則替換,否則不變,可以采用堆的形式來實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)結構,達到O(logK)的復雜度,因此整體的時間復雜度為N*O(logK)
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
class Solution:
def GetLeastNumbers_Solution(self, tinput, k):
# write code here
if tinput == [] or k <= 0 or k > len(tinput):
return []
result = []
for num in tinput:
if len(result) < k:
result.append(num)
else:
if num < max(result):
result[result.index(max(result))] = num
return sorted(result)
#測試:
sol = Solution()
listNum = [4,5,1,6,2,7,3,8]
rel = sol.GetLeastNumbers_Solution(listNum, 4)
print(rel)
運行結果同上
運行時間:25ms
占用內存:5724k
時間和空間占用都比解法1更優(yōu)
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